Frame: A frame that supports the entire vehicle structure, usually made of aluminum alloy or steel.
Motor: Provides power to the bicycle, usually installed at the front wheel, rear wheel or bottom bracket.
Battery: Powers the motor, usually a lithium-ion battery.
Controller: Manages power transmission between the motor and the battery, regulating speed and power output.
Transmission system: Includes chains, gears and transmissions, used to adjust riding speed and efficiency.
Brake system: Ensures riding safety, including front and rear wheel brakes, such as disc brakes or V brakes.
Display: Displays information such as speed, power, mileage, etc., usually installed on the handlebars.
Pedals: Components used for human riding, used in conjunction with the electric system.
Lighting system: Front and rear lights, used for safety during night riding.
Wheels and tires: Provide contact surfaces for driving, usually made of durable rubber materials.